Sixty years ago today, the House Un-American Activities Committee announced that Whittaker Chambers, a confessed former Soviet spy, had produced physical evidence of a ring of Communist spies in the New Deal. He had plucked this evidence — rolls of microfilmed documents — out of a hollowed-out pumpkin on his Maryland farm. (Chambers had actually hidden the papers in a dumbwaiter for a decade, and just moved them a few days earlier to the pumpkin, which allegedly he saw as a safer hiding spot.)
The Pumpkin Papers, as they were quickly dubbed, included documents in the handwriting of former State Department official Alger Hiss and former assistant Treasury Secretary Harry Dexter White. Neither man was still in government at the time, and the documents were more than a decade old. But they did indicate that a handful of New Deal bureaucrats had stolen information for Moscow. In the minds of conservatives, they provided proof that the entire New Deal was actually a communist project.
The story of the papers, which became iconic to conservatives, provides the focal point of an annual dinner in Washington, D.C. for a group of a hundred or so aging Chambers fans. Senators, former CIA directors, Richard Nixon, and even Kenneth Starr have attended. Because this dinner delights Ari as a historian of memory, I provide below Bruce Craig’s description of it in his great book on White:
When chimes signal the appointed hour, the formally outfitted guests enter the cavernous ballroom, where, in the pitch darkness, flickering jack-o-lanterns adorn all the tables. At every place setting is a paperback copy of the cognoscenti’s most sacred text: Whittaker Chambers’s Witness.
Before taking our seats all eyes are on the head table, specifically, on the largest jack-o-lantern of all but one that is unlit. In reverent silence, all watch as a senior member of the group ceremoniously extracts three rolls of 35-mm film from the cavity of the jack-o-lantern, and, with deliberate flair, waves them unceremoniously over his head….
With the strike of the match the face of the traitorous Hiss is outlined in the intricately carved jack-o-lantern, and so begins the annual meeting of the little known and at one time secret institution of the ‘Pumpkin Papers Irregulars.’
Then again, Ari’s love of this anecdote may be unrelated to his intellectual interests and instead a byproduct of his personal cosmology. (See also, here and here.)


11 comments
December 3, 2008 at 8:56 pm
Steven Attewell
As one of my history professors once said, Harry Dexter White was the least successful Communist spy in history, considering that he negotiated the Bretton Woods Accords that established a stable system of global capitalism for most of the Cold War.
December 4, 2008 at 8:45 am
Michael Turner
Yes, maybe, but remember Marx said that capitalism is a necessary stage, and that it has to be global, and for Workers of the World to Unite you need an international proletariat. So maybe this makes Harry Dexter White the most successful Communist spy in history. Maybe the most successful Communist in history.
Remember, we’re talking about commies here, they’ll stop at nothing.
None Dare Call It A Species of Treason.
December 4, 2008 at 10:13 am
bitchphd
I had no idea! That is pretty shocking. The documents, I mean. I can only imagine how much of a splash they must have made at the time.
That said, the memorial dinner with jack o’lanterns and all is just . . . weird.
December 4, 2008 at 5:08 pm
Lori
“With the strike of the match the face of the traitorous Hiss is outlined in the intricately carved jack-o-lantern…” Wow, none of my jack-o-lanterns ever looks like Alger Hiss!
December 4, 2008 at 10:24 pm
urbino
Everything having anything to do with Chambers or Hiss is weird.
December 4, 2008 at 10:25 pm
ari
urbino!
December 4, 2008 at 10:41 pm
urbino
ari!
December 4, 2008 at 11:04 pm
Michael Turner
Calm down, ari. By simply commenting here, urbino is automatically included in “anything to do with Chambers or Hiss.”
I had an argument once with some oaf, about the IMF. He said the IMF was founded by John Maynard Keynes and Harry Dexter White — a homosexual and a communist, respectively. I started sputtering something about how Keynes was actually bisexual and he got all sarcastic, saying “Oh, so I’m only half-right, just like this whole conversation so far!”
It’s all shades of grey out there. Except in politics, where it’s all shades of brown. Also except in the case of urbino, who is now definitely, positively in the category of “anything having to do with Chambers or Hiss.”
December 4, 2008 at 11:09 pm
urbino
Alls I’m saying is Turner will be among the first against wall when we establish the workers’- Wait. I’ve said too much.
December 4, 2008 at 11:10 pm
urbino
“The wall. The wall. Use your damn articles! That drives me crazy!”
December 5, 2008 at 1:21 pm
jimbo
Yes, many in the New Deal were communist spies (it was the happening thing to do at time) The question that gets really murky is what, exactly, was the effect of this. We don’t really see much during the 30s. it’s as the War approached that things go from murky to pea-soup-fog-in-a-hall-of-mirrors. How much was FDR’s policy pushing Japan toward war affected by marching orders from Moscow designed to distract Japan from invading Siberia? We will probably never know…